RELAX NG by Eric van der Vlist will be published by O'Reilly & Associates (ISBN: 0596004214)
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Validation can be about checking the structure of XML documents. It can be about checking the content of each text node and attribute independently of each other (data type checking). It can be about checking constraints on the relationships between between nodes. It can be about checking constraints between nodes and external information such as lookup tables or links. It can be about checking business rules. Taken liberally, it can be almost anything else, even spell checking.
All of these aspects are important for improving the level of quality of our XML based information systems. I recently heard two presentations about two independent projects in very different domains. Both came out with this alarming ratio: one out of ten real world XML documents contains errors. With such a high proportion, validation is not only useful but indispensable! The word alarming is not overstating the case if you imagine a banking system where 10% of the transactions may contain errors. Calling validation important, therefore, is an understatement.
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All text is copyright Eric van der Vlist, Dyomedea. During development, I give permission for non-commercial copying for educational and review purposes. After publication, all text will be released under the Free Software Foundation GFDL.